Water desalination techniques pdf

Selecting desalination processes after water quality data are obtained. Israel proves the desalination era is here scientific. Dual water distribution system will be required if saline water is used. Discharge from desalination plants generally consists of 98. Desalination processes may be used in municipal, industrial, or commercial applications. In ancient times, many civilizations used this process on their ships to convert sea water into drinking water. In an ro process, seawater is firstly pretreated to remove suspended solids. Reverse osmosis is the most cost effective in many applications. Cheap, simple technique turns seawater into drinking water. Md is a hybrid process of ro and distillation in which a hydrophobic synthetic membrane is used to permit the flow of water vapor through the membrane pores, but not the solution itself. On a facility served by a desalination system, fire water may be saline water or potable water depending on economic analysis. Desalination for safe water supply world health organization. Membrane distillation md is a water desalination membrane process currently in limited commercial use. Pathogens diseasecausing organisms that include bacteria, amoebas and viruses, as well as the eggs and larvae of parasitic worms.

Rightnow, desalinating seawater is the only viable way to provide water togrowing populations, and large desalination plants are now a fact oflife. Pdf desalination technologies for developing countries. Other considerations include the degree of purity required, scale of production and cost of chemical pretreatments. Today, desalination plants are used to convert sea water to drinking water on ships and in many arid regions of the world, and to treat water in other areas that is fouled by natural. With improvements in technology, desalination processes are becoming cost competitive with other methods of producing usable water for our growing needs. Introduction to membrane techniques for water desalination. Water from water discusses the need to supplement worldwide water supplies and explains the vital role that desalination must play in increasing the worlds supply of usable water. Hence, part of the fire protection water can be either saline or potable water due to piping and pumping cost. In the case of seawater desalination, concentrated brines are negatively buoyant in seawater, giving them a tendency to sink and spread along the sea bottom, displacing normally saline water from hollows. Pdf fresh water is rapidly being exhausted due to natural and. Thermal methods require a large input of energy to heat the water. The water resulting from the decontamination or desalination processes does not contain the chemical characteristics to be classified as drinkable water, t hus, the resulting product needs post. In order to address the water shortage issue, seawater is the leading feed water in the world for installed desalination techniques, thus making it the most applied solution 8.

Desalination for water supply frr00 foundation for water. Final selection of a desalination technique from treatability data. Considerations when choosing a method of desalination. Pdf techniques for water disinfection, decontamination.

Desalination can be defined as any process that removes salts from water. Pdf in the face of rising water demands and dwindling freshwater. Water produced by desalination methods has the potential for contamination from. Renewable energy, institutional framework of water. Using desalination technologies for water treatment. These techniques include distillation, as well as more recently developed membrane processes. Membrane methods of desalination require energy for mechanical processes. This study provides a technical assessment of traditional desalination techniques that can be used for water treatment. As a conclusion, it can be stated that desalination in water treatment and sustainability is a. With improvements in technology, desalination processes are becoming costcompetitive with other methods of producing usable water for our growing needs.